Police were notified of the incident at 6:05pm, when an investigating officer from Patong Police Station received a report that a foreign woman had jumped from a room at a hotel on Rat-U-Thit 200 Pi Rd.
Officers, led by Pol Lt Col Chanan Mekchai, arrived at the scene with Phuket Tourist Police and rescue workers. The woman, identified by police as Iuliia Bondarenko, 53, a Russian national, was found lying face-up in a pool of blood on the second-floor level.
Initial reports indicated she had sustained a head injury. A subsequent police summary noted abrasions to her right side, arms and legs, but no broken bones were confirmed at the scene.
Rescue workers from the Kusoldharm Phuket Foundation provided first aid before she was transported to Patong Hospital. She was later transferred to Vachira Phuket Hospital for further treatment.
Police said Ms Bondarenko had arrived in Phuket earlier the same day with her husband and the couple checked into the hotel at about 4pm.
Her husband told officers that they had been drinking alcohol in their room before an argument broke out. He stated that Ms Bondarenko later went to sit on the balcony behind the room and jumped.
Police have begun an investigation into the incident. Officers have conducted initial interviews with the husband and hotel staff and are reviewing CCTV footage from the hotel.
A preliminary report is being prepared and the Russian Embassy will be notified, police said.
Police have yet to confirm any charges over the incident.