The operation was carried out from 7pm to 9pm on a public road in front of Wat Baan Don in Thepkrasattri.
District officers, Volunteer Defence Corps (OrSor) personnel, village headmen, community leaders, medical personnel, police and local security volunteers took part in the coordinated effort aimed at suppressing drug-related offences and other illegal activities.
Officials confirmed that searches of individuals and vehicles during the checkpoint did not uncover any illegal items.
However, random urine tests conducted on motorists and members of the public found 14 people had used drugs.
Of those, 12 agreed to enter voluntary treatment programmes after signing consent forms, officials said.
Two others were arrested and charged with driving under the influence of methamphetamine, classified as a Category 1 narcotic, after being identified as repeat offenders.
Thalang District Office said the operation was conducted in line with national policy from the government and Ministry of Interior to strictly enforce the law, maintain public order and tackle drug-related problems within communities.
Officials added that similar operations will continue as part of ongoing efforts to ensure public safety and uphold peace and order across Phuket.