The Austrian was identified as Oliver Praxmarer, 39, while the Burmese was identified only as Koa, aged 34.
Witnesses told police that Mr Praxmarer, riding from Karon Beach towards Chalong Circle, collided head-on with the other bike, ridden in the opposite direction by Mr Koa.
Mr Praxmarer died instantly, while Mr Koa died on the way to Vachira Phuket Hospital.
After examining the scene, Chalong police said that the bikes apparently collided in the middle of the road, leading officers to believe that the crash was caused by carelessness on both sides.